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Biblical Chronology

Taken From His Text:  Signs In The Heavens & On The Earth…man’s Days Are Numbered And He Is Measured – 10th Anniversary Edition – Summer 2024

In an effort to streamline the biblical chronologies—as well as comply with the historical record (the two are not incompatible)—we have sought to present those charts which enhance the record by highliting those critical areas of import. 

It must be understood that since our first publication of “Signs” (2013-2014) we have sought to determine in accordance with 1 Peter 1:10-11 not only the “day of His visitation” but of His Coming again in Glory—i.e. “the glories that would follow.”  The MAJOR shift in our thinking is this:  The final 7-days/7-years (a.k.a. “the Seventieth Week of Daniel”—Daniel 9:24-27) is so unique in its chronology (although connected with the initial 69 weeks of prophecy) that it “stands alone” in the chronologies just as the 1,000-year Millennium equates to the Seventh Day Rest (Sabbath) for the earth and the direct reign of the Son of David, the Messiah—even so does the 70th Week or 7 years perform its own finality and can readily resemble the very Passion Week of Christ (from Sunday, Nisan 10 to Sunday, Nisan 17 or 3 ½ days + 3 ½ days = 7 full days).  These seven days/years which ultimately bring us into the final SEVENTH DAY, the Millennium.

The goal is to “measure” the 6,000 years allotted to man—from the creation date of Adam to the present.  This is NOT a “date setting” exercise in an effort to determine the Second Coming of Messiah.  It does, however, give us an expectancy as a result of having “searched carefully . . . searching what, or what manner of time” not only of His initial coming (i.e., His “sufferings”) but the GLORIES that would follow; the ultimate glory being His coming again in GLORY—i.e., the Second Coming (1 Peter 1:10-11).  

We can glean from the calendric accounts of history but ultimately, we must assess these 6,000 years within the present Gregorian BC/AD time frames, while acceding to the AM (Latin for “Anno Mundi” or “year of the world” which counts forward from Adam’s creation; however in this respect, we find the Seder Olam Rabbah (the “Jewish Calendar”) date at 5784 AM (2024 AD) to be wholly inadequate, having dismissed upwards of 243 years, making the actual calendar date of the AM in years (orbits of the earth around her sun) to be 5784 + 243 = 6027 AM which is 27 years above and beyond the 6,000-year allotment.

The 6,000 years, with the 1,000-year Millennium is predicated upon the Week of Seven Days and, as well, the passage in Genesis 6:3 allotting man his days as “120 years”—which peculiar Hebrew expression, as we have previously discussed, presents man with 120 “long-count jubilee cycles” of 50 years x 120 sets = 6,000 years (along with the 49-years of the Jubilee, while halving/unfolding it to 24.50 and multiplying by 100 to arrive at Moses’ birth date in years from Adam’s creation date until Moses’ birth . . . a period of 2,450 years).  “One thousand years in your sight are but a single day” (International Standard Version—Psalm 90:4) and 2 Peter 3:8:  “With the Lord one day is as a thousand years and a thousand years as one day”—written in the context that “all things continue as they were from the BEGINNING OF CREATION” with a view to the end of the age and the final judgment (2 Peter 3:10-13) known as the “Day of the Lord.”

Highlighting the critical time frames in both the Bible, as well as history—while keenly cognizant of the work of the foremost biblical chronologists of past and present (e.g., Bishop Ussher and today’s Tim Warner) we present these foremost “markers” of time where we trace from the present back to Adam’s creation date and from the past forward until today (2024 AD):

  1. The genealogies of the Genesis Patriarchs – 2,100 years until Isaac at age 52 years (Gen. 26)—duly noted, using Terah’s begetting of Abram at 70 years of age.  
  2. The four sets of 400s (or:  [1] 430 years of “promise” (from Isaac at 52 years of age) – [2] 400 years of “journey” (from Jacob at 22 years of age) – [3] 450 years of the Judges (from First Passover up to Samuel’s passing during David’s reign) – [4] 480 years from the Exodus/Passover to the laying of the foundation of Solomon’s Temple (fourth year of Solomon’s reign).
  3. The prophecy found in Ezekiel 4 and Leviticus 26 regarding the 430 composite years of retribution upon Judah and Israel broken down as 390 days/years * 7 = 2,730 years and the 40 days/years * 7 = 280 years for Judah for a total of 3,010 years of retribution (2,730 + 280 = 3,010 years).
  4. The reign of the 42 kings:  United Kingdom’s 3 kings and then the reign of the 39 kings of Judah and Israel.
  5. The Fall of Samaria (Ephraim/Jezreel/Israel’s 10 Northern Tribes) in 722 BC—the Reign of the Assyrian Kings
  6. The 70 years captivity – commencement until return – 608/607 BC until the Decree of Cyrus the Great in 537 BC.  The Fall of Jerusalem occurred in 586/7 BC with the destruction of the “City and the Sanctuary” in fulfillment of Daniel 9:2 – Reign of the Neo-Babylonian Kings vis-à-vis Judah. 
  7. The Reign of the Persian Kings – from Darius the Mede, cir. 537-538 BC to the defeat or death of Artaxerxes V in 329 BC (Artaxerxes V killed Darius, King Arsames’ son, the brother of Artaxerxes—this Darius was defeated by Alexander the Great in 331 BC but was killed by Artaxerxes V, then Artaxerxes V was pursued and killed by Alexander the Great . . . from the death of Alexander the Great in Babylon (city) through the disparate reigns of the successive reigns of the Grecian Kings through to Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the subsequent independence of Judah until the conquest by the Romans of Judah.  
  8. The chronological intricacies of the 70 Weeks prophecy of Daniel 9:24-27 – 537 BC’s decree by Cyrus the Great for the Jews to return to build their Temple, less the 49 years (7 weeks) to build it (537 BC less 49 years = 488 BC); then a calculated gap between the 7 weeks (49 years) and the commencement of the 62 weeks (434 years) . . . “Until Messiah the Prince” (Dan. 9:26) brings us to the fulfillment of the 69 Weeks upon Jesus’ Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem on 10 Nisan (or Sunday, 29 March 33 AD, Julian Calendar; also—based on the creation date of Adam being in 3975 BC the true AM year—or 1 AM); therefore, counting backwards from 33 AD some 434 years = 400/401 BC = thus, there is a GAP of some 88 years between 488 BC until 400 BC.  There is, likewise, a present GAP between the 69th and 70th Week commencing in 33 AD and extending to 2025 of some 1,991/92 years + the 7 years of Daniel’s 70th Week = 2,000 years (2 Days) + the 4,008 years until the crucifixion = 6,007/8 years. (Note:  The “overlaps” are due to the lack or a full year—e.g., 33 AD was but 3 months counting from the crucifixion until the end of 33 AD—9 months of 33 AD).  
  9. The chronologies surrounding the birth of Jesus in 1 B.C. and His crucifixion in 33 A.D. (9 months in 1 B.C. up through 3 months of 33 A.D. + 31 years between 2 A.D. (inclusive) up to the end of 32 A.D. = 9 months + 31 years + 3 months = 32 “full years of age” with His birthday, Passover, 13/14 Nisan JULIAN Calendar 1 April 33, Wednesday/Thursday, making Jesus precisely 33 years old, for He was “cut off” on His Passover birthday.

The following charts and their explanations will assist:

There are a number of peculiarities as noted in the following figure—The Genealogical Chart of the 21 Patriarchs—which we must explain:

  1. Genesis 11:26: “Now Terah lived seventy years, and begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran.”  The passage does not tell us Terah’s age when Abram (Abraham) was born, but when Terah’s first son was born.  Here’s the conundrum.  We don’t know which son was first because when Terah died he was in his 205th year (Gen. 11:32)  Now Abraham was 75 years old when he left Haran—the very year that Terah died (Acts 7:4; Gen. 12:4); therefore, 205 years (Terah’s life) less 75 years (Abram’s age when Terah died) = 130 years; meaning that Terah was 130 years of age when Abram/Abraham was born, not 70 years old [i.e., 130 years + 75 years = 205 years; the age of Terah when he died]).  However, the peculiar listing of Terah’s age at “70” and begot “Abram, Nahor, and Haran” (Gen. 11:27) – forces us, as it were, to “recalculate” the genealogies by “displacing” one’s firstborn “to the back of the line” (in this case some 60 years in that 130 years less 70 years = 60 years)—strange, but why?  The Bible’s inspiration given to the birth of Abram can only be illuminated by the Holy Spirit’s intervention by giving Abraham the supreme number of “70” which is the rarified expression of the Hebrews in numerical calculations.  The dynamic number set of “70” is found throughout Holy Writ as profoundly significant in so many ways; therefore, we are predisposed in utilizing its grandeur by attributing the “70” to Abram’s birth.
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Figure 112 – Genealogical Chart of the Patriarchs–Adam to Isaac

  1. The 1,056 years from Adam’s 130 years when he begat Seth unto Noah’s birth when Lamech was 82 years of age (i.e., from Adam’s creation to Noah’s birth) provides us these 1,056 years.  By giving us the age of “70” when he begot Abram, we are able to sum from Noah’s age at 502 when he begot Shem through to Isaac at age 52 (Genesis 26:1-6) those 1,044 years.  We must calculate with regards to the 1,044 years between Noah’s begetting of Shem at 502 years of age (not 500 years of age) unto Isaac’s age at 52, these 1,044 years.  Why?  Because it is abundantly clear that Shem begot Arphaxad 2 years after the flood when Shem was 100 years of age (Gen. 11:10-11).  Therefore, by adding the following years:  502 (Noah’s age when he begat Shem) + 100 (Shem’s age when he begot Arphaxad two years after the flood) + Salah @ 35 (for Arphaxad) + 30 Eber + 34 Peleg + 30 Reu + 32 Serug + 30 Nahor + 29 to Terah + 70 for Terah when he begat Abram + 100 for Abraham when he begot Isaac + 52 years unto Isaac’s promise = 1,044 years.

Let me insert at this juncture again—the chronologies given in the previous figure are predicated upon the calculations rendered in the MT (Masoretic Text).  The chronologies of the Patriarchs as recorded in the koine Greek version of the Hebrew Scripture (cir. 200 B.C.) are NOT compatible with those of the MT.  S. Douglas Woodward’s Rebooting the Bible (See P. 27, Footnote 6 of this text).

  1. The “144” produced by Noah’s age when Shem was born at (502 years of age for Noah) to the Son of Promise (Isaac) is extremely significant because it has in view the very New Jerusalem’s most apparent designations or the 12 x 12 = 144 – i.e., the Wall of the New Jerusalem at 144 cubits and the faces of the cubed New Jerusalem at 12,000 furlongs * 12,000 furlongs = 144,000,000 sq. furlongs (Rev. 21:16-17) . . . let alone the capacity of the Holy of Holies within Moses’ Tabernacle in the Wilderness being 810 cubic cubits divided by the Ark of the Covenant which was housed therein being 5.625 cubic cubits = 144 (or 144 * 5.625 = 810 cubic cubits).  The 21 Patriarchs produce from Adam’s creation to Isaac at age 52 an astonishing 2,100 years * 360-days in a prophetic year = 756,000 days or the earthly expression of that Altar Unto the Lord at the Giza of Egypt being “756” feet * its foursquare base = 3,024 linear feet; which 3,024 is a fractal of the Wall of the New Jerusalem’s 144 cubits * 2.1 feet (Hebrew Sacred Cubit) = 302.4 feet (no height, width, length is given; just 144 cubits).
  2. The age of Isaac at 52 years is determined by the fact he married at age 40 (Gen. 25:20) when he married Rebekah.  Isaac was 60 years of age when he begat Jacob and Esau (Gen. 25:26); therefore, we must determine within this spread of some 20 years (40 to 60) Isaac cried unto the Lord for Rebekah was barren—we affirm that was when he was 52 years of age (Gen. 26:1-6) when he received the promise—in that there were two items which demanded this “52 years of age” – 
  1. The 2,450 years from Adam’s Creation date unto Moses’ birth date (1525 B.C.) based on the “formula” used in Genesis 6:3 (1/2 of the Jubilee Cycle of 49 or 24.50 * 100 years = 2,450 years).  This determination of Moses’ birth date demands that at the time of the first Passover and simultaneous Exodus, Moses was 80 years of age—for after forty years in the wilderness he passed on at the age of 120 years (man’s days shall be 120 years—Gen. 6:3; Deut. 34:7).  If, indeed, Isaac was 52 years of age when he was told NOT to leave Canaan Land and received the promise (1875 B.C. or 1445 B.C. + 430 years = 1875 B.C.); then that would mean that when he was 60 years of age that some 8 years elapsed between the promise and the birth of Esau and Jacob.  The number “8” stands for resurrection—so this would be very plausible; but more so…1875 B.C. + 2,100 years = 3975 B.C.
  1. The date of the Exodus/Passover is determined at 1445 B.C.  The determination of this date complies with Pharaoh Thutmose III as Pharaoh in 1446 BC. His reign persisted for 54 years. (1485-1431 BC). But there were three distinct phases to his rule which comport with our date of 1445 BC being the date of the Exodus.  Scholars waiver between 1446-1444 BC to be the most accurate date of the Exodus—our date of 1445 BC is, therefore, the “average.”

The Four Sets of 400s – From Promise to Solomon’s Temple

There are four overt dates set in Scripture around the initial Passover on 10 Nisan; they are as follows:

  1.  430 Years of Promise – Exodus 12:40-41; Galatians 3:17. Determining the commencement of this Promise is critical to our chronological tabulations.  Scholars differ here—with Abraham receiving the Promise, juxtaposed to Isaac himself being the “manifestation of the promise” – i.e., “Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made . . . He does not say, ‘And to seeds,’ as of many, but as of one, ‘And to your Seed,’ who is Christ” (Gal. 3:17).  We differ to the expression of the fulfilled Promise to be that of Isaac, the archetype of the Savior, who was offered up upon the altar, as was Isaac.  Although Abraham was promised a Seed, we realize that Seed was Christ as expressed in Galatians, not Abraham himself—Abraham was NOT the Seed of Promise, Christ was (per se, in essence); therefore, it clearly states: “Now we brethren, as Isaac was, are children of promise” (Gal. 4:28).  Isaac is the manifestation of the Promise—the emphasis is not upon Abraham whereby we are children of Promise, but upon Isaac, whereby we are all children of Promise, as was Isaac.  Thus, from 1875 BC (Isaac at 52 years of age) unto 1445 BC (430 years of Promise).
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Figure 113  – The 430, 400, 450, 480 years

  1. 400 Years of the Journey – These 400 Years is given as the “sojourn” in Acts 7:6: “But God spoke in this way:  that his descendants would dwell in a foreign land, and that they would bring them into bondage and oppress them four hundred years.”  It is mandatory that we connect the antecedent of “his descendants” with the verses both before and after Acts 7:6 wherein we discover “He promised to give it (the land) to him for a possession, and to HIS DESCENDANTS after him . . . and so Abraham begot Isaac and circumcised him on the eighth day; and Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot the twelve patriarchs” (Acts 7:5, 8).  

We have here the quintessential expression of the “God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob” (Exodus 3:15; Matthew 22:32).  The “journey” does not begin with Abraham – who journeyed into the Land of Canaan – nor with Isaac who never left the Land of Canaan (he took no journey).  It begins with Jacob, some 30 years after Isaac received the Promise (430 years less 30 years = 400 years or in 1845 B.C.).  Isaac begat the twins, Esau and Jacob, when he was 60 years of age—some 8 years after the Promise given to him in Genesis 26:1-6.  Then some 22 years later it would be 30 years after the Promise—Jacob, obviously, would have been 22 years of age (8 + 22 = 30 years).  It was when Jacob reached 22 that he commenced his JOURNEY which is given in the LXX (Greek version of the Hebrew Scriptures) as “length of the stay of the children of Israel who lived in Egypt and Canaan” (Gen. 12:40).  

The stealing of the birthright by Jacob from Esau, and the commencement of his journey whereby he fled to Laban in Padan Aram (“So Jacob went on his journey”—Gen. 29:1) is given in Genesis 27-29.  In point of fact, Jacob, not Isaac, was all over the Middle Eastern map—first to Padan Aram, then back to Canaan Land and eventually the last 17 years of his life spent in Egypt, with his bones being taken back to Canaan Land by Joseph.  The 21/22 years of age of Jacob was supplemented by an additional 20/21 years in Padan Aram and back to Canaan Land—making Jacob around 42 years of age upon his return to Canaan Land (Note:  Esau was 40 years of age when he married—Gen. 26:34—meaning, that Jacob was married much earlier than Esau.).  It must be noted that the 400 years is NOT an exclusive reference to the time the children of Israel spent in Egypt; but the time in both Canaan Land AND Egypt (ref. LXX).  Thus, 1845 BC to 1445 BC = 400 years of the Journey.

  1. The 450-years of the Judges – Acts 13:20. Measuring this time frame we must realize that it extends up through Samuel the prophet—“until Samuel the prophet” (Acts 13:20).  Since we know from 1 Kings 6:1 that the 480 years extends from the 4th year of King Solomon’s reign when the foundation of the Temple was laid (965 B.C.), we must, consequently, count backwards some 30 years (995 B.C.) into the reign of King David some 26 years (4 years of Solomon’s Reign + 26 years of King David’s reign = 30 years – this would make the year of King David’s reign to be that of the 14th year (14 + 26 = 40 years of the reign of King David.  The 450 years is given as an approximation by Paul – “about four hundred and fifty years” – likewise, it appears that the prophet Samuel’s life extended into the time of David (1 Sam. 25:1); and, although it appears that Samuel’s death took place at the terminus of King Saul’s reign—Samuel’s death approximates into the reign of King David.  The 14th year of King David’s reign is, however, substantiated by the fact that we know David reigned for 40 years (6 months over Judah only, and then 7 years over a United Kingdom from Hebron, and then 33 years over a United Kingdom from the City of David, Jerusalem, known as the Tabernacle of David (1 Kings 2:11; 2 Sam. 1-6, 11; 5:4-5); furthermore, he commenced his reign when he was 30 years of age (much like the Messiah – “He was about 30 years of age”—Luke 3:23) and was, therefore, 70 years of age when he died, for he reigned 40 years (30 + 40 = 70).  This “70” characterizes the importance of the “70” in Hebrew tradition—“the days of our lives are seventy years” (Psalm 90:10).  Also, the fact that David’s reign at Jerusalem, the City of David, was for 33 years is most notable, giving the entrance of the Messiah into Jerusalem—“Behold your King is coming to you, He is just and having salvation, lowly and riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey . . . Until Messiah the Prince” [after the 62nd Week in Daniel 9:26] (Zech. 9:9)—for after 4 days, on Passover, 1 April 33 A.D., was Messiah “cut off” for us and our salvation at the precise age of 33—is not He worthy?  For we read: 

“David My servant shall be king over them, and they shall all have one shepherd; they shall also walk in My judgments and observe My statutes and do them.  Then they shall dwell in the land that I have given to Jacob My servant, where your fathers dwelt; and they shall dwell there, they, their children, and their children’s children, forever; and My servant David, shall be their prince forever . . .  (Ezekiel 37:24-25) . . . But one of the elders said to me, “Do not weep. Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has prevailed to open the scroll and to lose its seven seals” (Rev. 5:5).

Finally, in calculating the 14th year of David’s reign to have been some 30 years from the 4th year of King Solomon’s reign (the 480 years unto the 4th year of King Solomon’s reign was the foundation of the Temple laid—1 Kings 6:1, less 30 years to account for 450 years of the Judges, from the Exodus/Passover unto the death of the prophet Samuel) draws special attention to the “kingly” number set of “14” which was amplified in Matthew 1:17 and the three sets of “14”—“Abraham to David are fourteen generations, from David until the captivity in Babylon are fourteen generations, and from the captivity in Babylon until the Christ are fourteen generations.”  This “14” is amplified elsewhere in the 7 years of famine and 7 years of plenty during Joseph’s “reign” in Egypt whereby both the Egyptians and Israel are “saved.” 

  1. The 480-years from the Passover/Exodus unto the fourth year of the reign of King Solomon.  This is captured in 1 Kings 6:1; and is a straightforward declaration of the incredible accuracy/inspiration of the Holy Scriptures.  it is fascinating to observe that when we drop the zeroes from 450 years and 480 years we have “45” and “48” as factors which when multiplied we find that 45 * 48 = 2,160.  This “2160” is itself incredibly significant in that it displays our Moon’s diameter, ipso facto when squaring our Moon it is equal to 8,640 (miles) which is a fractal of our Sun’s diameter of 864,000 miles; thus, the 14th year of King David unto the laying of the Temple’s Foundation in the 4th year of King Solomon’s reign we find that together, as factors, the Eternal Plan and Purpose of the Almighty is to conform us by His radiance into His Temple—for the Moon waxes and wanes until its fullness is displayed by the Sun!  We shall now discuss the significance of the 3,010 years related to the prophecy found in Ezekiel 4. Suffice it to say that the 3,010 years created through the retributions involving Israel’s Ten Northern Tribes of 2,730 years (390 days/years * 7 according to Leviticus 26 = 2,730 years) with 40 days/years * 7 = 280 years for Judah tally to 3,010 years (2,730 years + 280 years = 3,010 years).  This is precisely the number of years between the Creation of Adam in 3975 B.C. and the laying of the foundation of Solomon’s Temple in 1 Kings 6:1 or 3975 BC to 965 BC = 3,010 years (or 3975 less 965 = 3010).

  The prophecy found in Ezekiel 4:4-6 concerns the elect of both Houses of Israel—Israel (aka, the 10 Northern Tribes) and Judah (the 2 Southern Tribes).  In that the prophecy was given well after the deportation of the 10 Northern Tribes into Assyria—and in the midst of the deportation/captivity of Judah in Babylon—we are to readily assume Ezekiel’s prophecy was presently relevant—i.e., Israel (aka, Jezreel, Samaria, Ephraim), although “swallowed up of the nations” still had a destiny with the “God of Israel.”  She, Israel, though technically divorced (Judah was not divorced) by the Almighty (Jeremiah 3:8), would one day find a way to once again betroth her for His name’s sake (Jer. 3:14-15):

“Return, O backsliding children,” says the LORD; for I am married to you, I will take you, one from a city and two from a family, and I will bring you to Zion.  And I will give you shepherds according to My heart, who will feed you with knowledge and understanding.” 

Regardless, both Houses of Israel are featured in this prophecy found in Ezekiel 4 (as well as Hosea and Jeremiah); and both are intimately engaged in the Bible’s chronologies both past and future.

The chart in Figure 114 details some of these discoveries embedded in the prophecy and merges them with historical dates well set into antiquity—e.g., the Fall of Samaria in 722 B.C.  It is that date that sets things into motion—for when the Assyrian Kings launched their attack upon the 10 Northern Tribes as early as 745 B.C. when Tiglath Pileser III rose to the throne of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and commenced his attacks upon the northern garrisons of Israel along the Euphrates River—the deportations immediately ensued and did not end until the defeat of the armies under Assyrian King Sennacherib when 185,000 Assyrian troops were destroyed by the Angel of the Lord as they attempted to launch a final assault against Jerusalem—but Hezekiah cried out for divine intervention and his cry carried the day—712 B.C. (2 Chronicles 32:20-23).  

Thus, from 745 B.C. to 712 B.C.—33 years of retribution and deportation of the Israelites . . . knowing the years (33) do we see the hidden hand of the Savior preparing Ephraim for their ultimate destiny where, as “lost sheep of the House of Israel” the remnant of Ephraim would come to themselves as the prodigal son and return to the Father’s House?  I think so.

Therefore, when viewing the 722 BC date of the Fall of Samaria (a date “connected” to that of the Exodus in 1444/45 BC) and multiplying by 2 we arrive at several conclusions; to wit:  2 * 722 = 1444 – which, in addition, automatically brings us to the actual birth of the Messiah in 1 BC/1 AD itself or 1444 years from the Exodus to the birth of Christ—notwithstanding Bishop Ussher’s date of 4 BC being the date of the birth of Christ . . . broken down into two sets of “722”—highlighting the 722 B.C. date as a major demarcation between the first Passover to the One born on Passover!  In other words there were 722 years between 1444/5 Passover and then another 722 years between 722 BC and the birth of Christ—amazing!

The work of John Pratt (an astrophysicist by trade and, interestingly enough, a Mormon scholar of sorts), concludes, astronomically, that  Herod’s death was NOT in 4 BC but nearer to the 1 AD side of the “earthly year” or 1 BC/1 AD (in that there are 6 months in 1 BC and 6 months in 1 AD; however, “astronomically” 1 BC is a full year and 1 AD is a full year – see Pratt’s Article:  Yet another Eclipse for Herod).  Thus, the birth of Christ was in the spring in 1 B.C. and Herod’s death in the latter part of 1 A.D.

These two dates of 1445-1444 and 722 (both BC or BCE) constitute major MARKERS in the Bible’s chronological order of things.  

If, indeed, Lev. 26 and Ezk. 4 are bound together eschatologically-speaking; then the 7-fold retribution DEMANDED (not suggested) in Lev. 26 must have a bearing on both the composite of the 390 days + 40 days or 2,730 years (390 days * 7 = 2,730 days/years + 40 days * 7 = 280 days/years or 2,730 years + 280 years = 3,010 years.

I do not believe—given the context of both Lev. 26 and Ezk. 4—that these are arbitrary chronologies and miscellaneous suggestions as to times and seasons regarding retribution; but they are given SPECIFICALLY for our end-time edification and insight into both the historicity and validation of the Scriptural record.

If, indeed, 1445 BC marks the date of the Exodus – then 1405 BC would mark the date, some 40 years later, of the crossing of the Jordan River by the armies of Israel under Joshua’s leadership—Moses having expired at the age of 120 years—meaning that he was born in 1525 BC. 

Furthermore, in our examination of the 3,010 years (390 days + 40 days = 430 days/years * 7 = 3,010 years) STARTING with the creation date of Adam in the year 3975 BCE less 3010 years = 965 BCE.  This date of 965 BCE in accordance with 1 Kings 6:1 demands that the laying of the FOUNDATION of Solomon’s Temple occurred in this year—the FOURTH YEAR of the reign of King Solomon, not in 967 BCE nor in 966 BCE.  

Fall of Samaria in 722 BCE & Hezekiah’s Life Extension in 711-712 BCE

The Fall of Samaria—the final scattering/deportation of the Ten Northern Tribes which took place from approximately 745 BCE to 712 BCE—some 33 years met its finality in 712 BCE (some ten years after 722 BCE).  Again, the final assault by the Assyrians took place in both Samaria and Judea—the same year (712 BCE) that Hezekiah prayed in the 14th year of his reign for an additional life extension.  Hezekiah received 15 additional years and, therefore, reigned for 29 years—thus, did Earth’s orbit around her sun “slow down” some 5.2524 days per year.  Can we see in both the “14” and the “29” some of the Savior?  Yes!  The number “14” deals with kingship and “29” was the age the Savior commenced His earthly ministry (29 years and 9 months).  

Since we have the original marker of 722 BCE (confirmed by a host of both Biblical and Historical research) – we also have the 712 BCE date as well—since it occurred 10 years after the Fall of Samaria during the reign of King Hoshea, King of Israel (Please read 2 Kings 18 for all these chronological confirmations.).  It was the Assyrian King Shalmaneser who laid siege to Samaria in the fourth year of King Hezekiah of Judah + 10 years later in the 14th year of King Hezekiah’s reign (2 Kings 18:13); however, the final siege of Samaria took place over the course of 3 years–therefore, from 722 BCE unto 719 BCE was the siege and then 8 years thereafter it was unto the 14th year of King Hezekiah’s reign in the year 712 BCE (notice the “year” issues here are given but it is “in the year” which could connote the months of any given year).

All this to say that 712 BCE is a MAJOR MARKER for our observation/calculations.  The 2,730 years (390 days/years * 7 = 2,730 years [Note:  A year is irrelevant as far as a “prophetic year” of 360 days or 365.2524 days – we speak of Earth’s yearly orbit around her Sun constituting 1 full year—regardless of the length of that year.]) constitute 2,730 orbits of the Earth around her Sun.

Figure 114 – Ezekiel’s 390/40 Years for Ephraim and Judah * 7

If 712 BCE marks the demarcation date wherein the armies of the Assyrians in their effort to scatter the Ten Northern Tribes miraculously ended with some 185,000 Assyrians being slain (2 Kings 19:35-37) by the Angel of the Lord thereby delivering Judah/King Hezekiah, could we from that day of SCATTERING AMONG THE NATIONS (The 10 Tribes of the North) count their retribution from 712 BCE + 2,730 years (390 days/years * 7 = 2,730 days)?  Why not?

Indeed, 712 BCE = 712 years unto 1 BCE/1 CE + 2018 years (i.e., 712 years + 2,018 years = 2,730 years – thus, the 2,730 years extends from 712 BCE unto 2018 AD.  In 2018 A.D. Jerusalem was officially declared by the USA as Israel’s Capital.  Now, if we were to extend another “14” years beyond 2018 AD indicating the coming Kingship of Messiah, we would arrive at 2032 A.D. and suffice our quest in search of the Messianic Age to come; especially, if the “7 years of plenty” (2018-2025 AD) and the “7 years of famine” (2025-2032 AD) fulfilling Joseph’s archetype for:  “All the world came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph, because the famine was severe everywhere” (Ex. 41:57).

The 280 Years?

As far as the 40 days/year * 7 = 280 years concerning Judah—we might examine the entitlement of the “Lion of the Tribe of Judah”—the Son of David.  How or where do these 280 years fit?  Most certainly, they are connected to Judah’s retribution—but when and where?

If we examine 1 Kings 6:1 and realize that this year in 965 BC marks the 4th year of the reign of King Solomon and the laying of the Foundation of the House of the Lord, then we know that King David reigned some 40 years and six months over Judah only (6 months) and over a United Israel (40 years)—having taken over and reigning in Hebron where he was crowned king for 6 months over Judah only; and then for an additional 7 years over a united twelve tribes of Israel from Hebron; and then David established himself in Jerusalem, in the CITY OF DAVID for some 33 years from whence he did reign over all Israel and did establish the TABERNACLE OF DAVID (Amos 9:11-12; also, 2 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 2:10-12).

 It has always puzzled this author insofar as why, when we lump Kings Saul, David, and Solomon together, we casually state that all three of them reigned a total of 120 years as king—40 years for each reign; however, there is this peculiar account concerning King David reigning only over Judah for six months and then over all Israel 7 years from Hebron; and over all Israel’s 12 tribes from Jerusalem for 33 years (2 Samuel 5:3-5).  Several “numeric” highlights might be behind King David’s accounting:  

  1. 6 months = 30 * 6 = 180 = “18” the expression of the Holy City/District in Ezekiel 48:35 and that of the New Jerusalem’s cubical perimeter the same “18” in that 12,000 furlongs = 1,500 miles * 12 edges of a cube = 18,000 linear miles or “18”.
  2. 6 months is extended over 3 years (i.e., 3 years vs. 3 years and 6 months).  This oddity is immediately recognized as the insignia of Messiah’s ministry when both He and James (Luke 4:25; James 5:17) state that Elijah “shut up the heavens that it rains not for 3 years and six months”; yet, in 1 Kings 18:1 [Ref. 1 Kings 17:1] we can only find 3 years (6 months is simply not stated).  The 3 and ½ days (signifying 3 ½ years or 42 months) is stated in the Revelation (11:9, 11) regarding the death (open persecution) and resurrection (rapture) of the Two Witnesses and, of course, 3 years and 6 months is the time frame of the ministry of Messiah on the earth.  King David’s 6 months’ reign from Hebron:  “Hebron” signifies “connection and unity”—very appropriate in foreseeing David’s United Kingdom to come.  
  3. 7 Years (i.e., 6 months and 7 years) * 12 months = 84 months * 30 days per month = 2520 days which is the fractal/resemblance of the Hebrew Sacred Cubit or 25.20 inches – and when we add the 6 months thereto we have 84 + 6 = 90 which “9” signifies the Sun of Righteousness; also, 90 months * 30 days per month = 2700 days which “27”connotes the 27 books of the full revelation of Messiah in the 27 books of the New Testament.  These 7 Years resemble the 70th Week or final 7 years prior to the 75 days in Daniel 12:11-12.
  4. 33 Years King David did reign from Jerusalem – this “33” connotes the age reached by the Messiah when He was crucified in Jerusalem (outside the gate) at precisely age 33 in 33 A.D.
  5. 40 Years Reign = 40 * 12 months per year = 480 months * 30 days per prophetic month = 14,400 days or “144” which expresses the 12 * 12 of the New Jerusalem and the “144 cubit” wall of the Holy City (Rev. 21:9-21).
  6. 7 Years and 6 months King David reigned over Judah only from Hebron signifying, as well, that the final week of human history will witness that the “Scepter shall not depart from Judah” (“The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes; and to Him shall be the obedience of the people”—Gen. 49:10). Jacob/Israel’s blessing over Judah is wholly messianic in its import in that “until Shiloh comes” to rule and reign when “He shall speak peace to the nations; His dominion shall be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth” (Zech. 9:10)—for the King/Shiloh/Messiah is coming in glory!  Shiloh was in Ephraim and Hebron was in Judah—they represent PEACE and UNITY of the 12 Tribes under the Tabernacle of David, ultimately in Jerusalem.  

Lion of the Tribe of Judah – 1002 BCE (Jerusalem) to 722 BCE = 280 years

If we use only the 33 years of David’s rule from Jerusalem (1002-969 B.C.) and its profound association with THE Son of David (our Lord Jesus) and count them as part of these 280 years (Ezk. 4:6—40 days * 7 = 280 days/years), that will leave 247 years (280 years less 33 years of David’s rule from Jerusalem = 247 years).  This in turn brings us to the commencement of King Solomon’s Reign in 969 B.C., less these 247 years = 722 BC = the Fall of Samaria . . . can you follow me here?

In other words, Judah’s LION commences in the year 1002 BC from Jerusalem where he reigns for 33 years (1002 BC less 33 years of King David’s reign from Jerusalem/City of David (1 Kings 2:11) = 969 years = the year (969 BC) or the commencement of the Reign of King Solomon; and then from 969 BC less the remainder of the 280 years or 247 years = 722 B.C. = the year of the Fall of Samaria. 

Yes, there are 10 years separating 722 BC and 712 BC which may indicate 10 * 360° = 3600° – “36” or 360 degrees of any circle is without beginning or ending and is seen as the Almighty having neither beginning or ending but the Eternal One.  Could it be that GOD SEPARATES both the 280 (1002 BC/David’s reign from Jerusalem unto 722 BC or 280 years) from 2,730 years (712 BC/Hezekiah, terminus of Assyrians scattering of Israel’s 10 Tribes unto 2018 AD—allowing an additional 14 years unto 2032 AD where Messiah’s Kingship (14) shall be magnified?  

Is there a veiled effort here to demonstrate that, although divided for most of these years between the end of the Reign of King Solomon (who reigned from 969 BC to 929 BC) unto the Fall of Samaria in 722 BC (i.e., 207 years as a divided kingdom) – that Judah’s Scepter and the “Religious Center” of the Temple in Jerusalem still prevailed over “All Israel?”  Notwithstanding, the “United Kingdom” was divided for these 207 years (929 to 722 BC = 207 years), yet there was this “27” (207) overshadowing the division with the intent that Shiloh/Ephraim and Hebron/Judah would one day be connected/united!  (“Hebron means a place of connection and unity between different people and events in biblical history”—https://www.ncesc.com/what-is-the-significance-of-hebron-in-the-bible/ – Retrieved on 04.09.2024 )

Therefore, what is the meaning of both the 3,010 years (Adam’s Creation in 3975 BC unto the laying of the Foundation of the House of the Lord under King Solomon in the Fourth Year of his reign—1 Kings 6:1); and of these 280 years relative to Judah’s retribution?  Again, the 280 years commence from Jerusalem and David’s 33 years reigning therefrom; and then followed by King Solomon’s 40-year reign and then the 207 years of a divided kingdom until Samaria’s full captivity in 722 BC when “Ephraim’s” capital fell. 

I find it somewhat amazing, mathematically, when taken as “factors” of 33, 40 and 207, eliminating zero – we find the following product:

3 * 3 * 4 * 2 * 7 – 504 when divided by 2 is equal to “252” which is the very fractal/resemblance of the Hebrew Sacred Cubit’s 25.20 inches – or, for that matter, as the late David Flynn surmised, the 5,040-foot perimeter of Solomon’s Temple area.

Furthermore, when I view these segmented years of 2,730 years; and 3,010 years (2730 + 280 = 3010); and the 280 years, I view them, as well, as FACTORS which can readily produce a product; consequently:

2 * 7 * 3 (2,730 years) * 3 * 1 (3,010 years) * 2 * 8 (280 years) = 20,016 or “216”.  This “216” is the very fractal of the Moon’s diameter of 2,160 miles or is three sets of “72” or 72 + 72 = 144 + 72 = 216.  The Moon’s Diameter fascinates in that if squared it presents itself as 2160 miles * 4 = 8,640 miles which in turn is the fractal/resemblance of the Sun’s Diameter of 864,000 miles.

This, of course, brings us into an entirely new “dimensional reality” of the Woman of Revelation 12 and the MOON beneath her feet and the splendid fact that she is CLOTHED IN THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF THE SUN (Mal. 4:1-2) for she has no righteousness aside from the SUN OF RIGHTEOUSNESS Who shall appear on the Great Day of God with “healing in His wings.” 

Yes, much of this is “prophetic speculation” concerning the prophetic significance of Leviticus 26:18, 21, 24, 28, and its fulfillment (I so affirm) in Ezekiel 4.  The Bible’s chronologies are purposeful and possess profound meaning as far as the Plan and Purpose of the Almighty throughout the ages.  As “children of Promise”—we, who are called out from among the Gentiles/Nations to be a people for His Name—will find ourselves (during the crucible of the 70th Week of Daniel . . . whose commencement may readily await us in the year 2025 AD.  Thus, 1948 + 70 (the 70th Anniversary of the State of Israel) = 2018 A.D. + 7 years until 2025 A.D. = 6,000 years or  3975 B.C. to 2025 A.D.).  We now await the final 70th Week (2025-2032/3 A.D.).

Are we out of time?”

Well, is our time up?  Think about it for a moment.  We have substantial chronological evidence through the genealogies of the patriarchs of Israel (21 of them for 2,100 years unto the 52nd year of Isaac’s life, the PROMISE) and then some 430 years added to these 2,100 years unto 2,530 years unto the Exodus/Law (2,100 years + 430 years = 2,530 years or 3975-1445 B.C.).  Also, the very birth of Moses from Adam’s creation wherein 2,450 years is seen from 3975 BC unto 1525 BC = 2,450 years or 2450 ÷ 5 = 490 years or 5 segments of 490 Epochal Jubilee Cycles—from whence Moses’ birth some 2,450 years after Adam’s Creation adds credence to the 24.50 or the “original number set” found in Genesis 6:3 or 49 ÷ 2 = 24.50 * 100 = 2,450 years).  Then we add these 80 years from Moses’ birth to the first Passover and arrive at 2,530 years (2,450 years + 80 years = 2,530 years; likewise:  2,100 years + 430 years =2,530 years).  This is a “double” confirmation.  

Could MAN’S DAYS BE SO NUMBERED TO COMPRISE SUCH A PRECISE RENDERING OF DATES?  Indeed, if the Hebrew Sacred Cubit’s 25.20 inches is split in two we have 25.20/2 = 12.6 (the actual measurement of a ROD in feet or 12.6 feet or in days as in 1,260 days or one-half of the 70th Week) – “a man with a measuring Rod/Reed in His hand” has come to “measure the Temple, the Altar, and those who worship thereat” (Revelation 11:1-2).  Thus, are “Man’s Days not NUMBERED and he is Measured?”  I think so.  The 2,520 days found in Daniel’s 70th Prophetic Week (360 days per prophetic year * 7 years = 2,520 days) reflects, as well, the dimensions of the Hebrew Sacred Cubit (Daniel 9:24-27) at 25.20 inches.

Even so—from the year 965 B.C. (Solomon’s Temple foundation commenced) less 252 years (going forward to the cross) = 712/13 BC or the commencement under King Hezekiah of these 2,730 years unto the year 2018 AD (i.e., 712 years + 2018 years = 2,730 years—Ezekiel’s 390 years * 7 = 2,730 years) + 14 more years unto 2032 A.D. and the Coming of Messiah) (Note:  Jerusalem recognized as Israel’s Capital in 2018 A.D.)

Somewhat amazing that the Almighty would be so precise even from 965 B.C. unto 712/3 B.C. to measure (252) Israel’s division.  Likewise, from 712/3 B.C. less another set of 252 years = 460/459 B.C. (712 less 252 = 460) the very year of the 7th Year of the reign of the Persian King, Artaxerxes Longimanus in Ezra 7:7 (the husband to Queen Esther/Hadassah), who decreed (Ezra 7:11-26) that the House of the Lord in Jerusalem be richly embellished by Ezra’s departure to Jerusalem.

Then we find that this 2530 years (from Adam’s Creation to the Exodus or 3975 B.C. less 2,530 years = 1445 B.C.—Creation to Passover) + 480 years unto the laying of the foundation of the House of the Lord under King Solomon (1 Kings 6:1) = 3,010 years (or 7 sets of 430 years [composite of the 390 days and 40 days = 430 days/years] of Ezk. 4 = 3,010 years or 2,530 + 480 = 3,010 years) in the year 965 BC; therefore, added to 3,010 years (i.e., from Adam’s creation in 3975 BCE to the Fourth Year of King Solomon’s Reign and the laying of the Temple’s foundation in 965 BCE) are these 965 years (i.e., 965 B.C. to the birth of Jesus in 1 B.C./1 A.D.) = 3,975 years (or 3,010 years + 965 years = 3,975 years).

When we add the 2,018 years from the birth of Jesus to the “possible” commencement of Messiah’s “14” (unto 2032 A.D.) we find that Daniel’s 70th Week awaits the full 6,000 years of man (3975 B.C. to 2025 A.D. + 7 years unto 2032 A.D.).  The first 2,450 years of human history from the Creation of Adam in 3975 BC unto the birth of Moses in 1525 BC reveals 5 separate 490-year Epochal Jubilee Cycles or 49 years * 10 = 490 years * 5 = 2,450 years unto the birth of Moses in 1525 BC (3975 BC less 2450 years = 1525 BC—the birth of Moses).

Moses lived for 120 years (Deut. 34:7 or from 1525 BC unto 1405 BC); thus, 2,450 years (5 sets of Epochal Jubilee Cycles) + 120 years = 2,570 years.  From 1405 BC on 10 Nisan, the very date that the Children of Israel crossed over into the Good Land (and Moses’ death or 1405 B.C./2,570 years from 3975 B.C.) to commence the fight (Joshua 4:19) on Nisan 10.

On that same day on Nisan 10 the prophet Ezekiel saw the Holy District (Ezekiel 40:1—no, it was NOT the commencement of the civil calendar on 1 Tishrei, but the religious calendar of the Jews on 1 Nisan, for Ezekiel was a priest and would honor the “first month” with that designation); and the very same day that Jesus entered into Jerusalem–Nisan 10 on Palm Sunday, His Triumphal Entry (Daniel 9:26): “Until Messiah the Prince” at the close of the 62nd Week (or 69th Week for the initial 7 weeks had already passed).  

Therefore, from 1405 BC unto 2025 AD there are an additional 7 sets (7 being the number of perfection/completion) of 490-Epochal Jubilee Cycles or 7 * 490 = 3,430 years.

A close up of a device Description generated with high confidence

Figure 115 – The 12 Sets of 490 Epochal Cycles + Moses 120 years

Please note:  On some of these charts the date of 2025 A.D.  displays the “Second Coming of Christ” but this 2025 A.D. consideration concludes the 6,000 years with the final 7 years the separate 70th Week of Daniel unto 2032 AD.  Again, I find it somewhat spectacular in that 2,570 years (Creation of Adam in 3975 BC unto the death of Moses in 1405 BC); and these additional 3,430 years (from the Death of Moses in 1405 BCE unto 2025 AD, the possible commencement of Daniel’s 70th Week and the date for the Second Coming of Christ—2032/3 AD) as FACTORS to express the Sacred Measurement of the 25.20 inches nigh supernaturally in that:

2 * 5 * 7 (2,570 years) = 70

3 * 4 * 3 (3,430 years) = 36

When taken together:  7 * 3 * 6 = 126 or 

one-half of the Hebrew Sacred Cubit or 126 * 2 = 252

Thus:  2,450 years (Adam to Moses) + 120 years of man’s day or Moses’ lifespan + 3,430 years from Moses’ death to the full 6,000 years or unto 2025 AD; consequently, 12 sets of 490-year Epochal Jubilee Cycles = 5,880 years + 120 years of Moses’ life = 6,000 years.  We do well to take note of this precision and ponder the question:  WHAT SHALL THIS MAN DO IF HIS DAYS ARE 120 YEARS?  If so, perhaps the terminus of the 2,730 years (712 BCE to 2018 AD) gives us a clue that the Almighty is about to take the Stick of Judah and the Stick of Ephraim (Ezekiel 37:15-28) during the crucible of these “14” additional days/years (2018-2025 A.D. and 2025-2032 A.D.) into the 70th Week and bring them both together in Messiah—literally and spiritually in that 2,730 years = 2 * 7 * 3 = 42 for we know that Matthew 1:17 foretells us there are three sets of 14 generations (Abraham to David=14 generations; David to the captivity in Babylon=14 generations; from the captivity in Babylon to the birth of Christ=14 generations or 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 generations; and these 42 are the total number of the kings of Israel (United and Divided Kingdom).

The Chronologies of the 42 Kings of the United Kingdom & Divided Kingdom

Biblical chronologies, when merged with historical records, can and should alter the way we see the Divine Imprint. I am not alone in the opinion that these signatures scattered throughout the Book are markers—even anchors—which validate the authenticity of this Book’s inspiration and gift to the world—especially the world now best described as the City of Confusion (Isaiah 24:10). 

Notwithstanding every attempt, man still strives to avoid the absolute design orchestrated by the personification of Providence, that infinite Wisdom has for us and our discovery incorporated through carefully encrypted dates extant in history as calendric times and seasons which are moving inexorably to their foreordained conclusion.  These ancient markers are not randomly scattered throughout time; they stand as monuments revealing the Infinite Wisdom of our Creator Who longs to interact with His creation in assuring us there is more rhyme and reason to the endless chaos surrounding us than meets the superficial glance given by most . . . I think this journey in time may be unforgettable, for one, man himself becomes the very timepiece detailing through the millennia where and why the Almighty purposed to bring forth “in the fullness of time” His Son’s First and Second Comings and how these Kings of Antiquity played such a vital role in marking the path both then and into our very immediate future.

Yes, you will find the use of “number” throughout these ancient kings permeates—for number, abundantly utilized, draws attention to the revealed fact that Daniel 8:13-14 has entitled Him as the WONDERFUL NUMBERER.  He is not simply “that certain saint” – oh, no, He is far more.  He is the “KEEPER OF SECRETS” and appears to hide Himself within this enigmatic phrase as the ANGEL PALMONI.  Yes, on the surface Daniel 8:13-14 seems to confuse the reader as to the very identity of THAT CERTAIN SAINT—or “that certain one.”  He is the one who speaks and then is addressed by another holy one who asks this “certain one” who was speaking a most mysterious question concerning the “Vision of the 2300 Evening-Mornings” which only “the angel Palmoni, the Wonderful Numberer, the Keeper of Secrets, that Certain Saint or Holy One” can answer: 

“Then I heard a holy one speaking; and another holy one said to that certain one who was speaking, ‘How long will the vision be, concerning the daily sacrifice and the transgression of desolation, the giving of both the sanctuary and the host to be trampled underfoot?’ And he said to me, ‘For two thousand three hundred days; then the sanctuary shall be cleansed.’”

Only One has been called WONDERFUL in the Book of books, and I think you know of Whom I speak.  So, it is, in full reliance upon this WONDERFUL NUMBERER, this PALMONI, this KEEPER OF SECRETS, to this Holy One . . . upon Whom this writer relies in disclosing the vast complexities of “number” found within this present offering dealing primarily with the Kings of Israel, Assyria, Babylon and, most certainly, the Kings of Persia and the “number” surrounding their placements in Holy Writ that reliance finds her mark.  Do forgive me—for if you are reading my writings for the first time, you may be intimidated to some degree because of the nigh “foreign” and repeated expressions which appear “prophetically speculative” in nature—and they are—but know this as S. Douglas Woodward has said in the Foreword of this text:  

Jerusalem will be renamed.  It will no longer be known as the City of Peace, but the City where God dwells there (YHWH Shammah—the Lord is there).  The great truth expressed here as a conclusion to some of the Bible’s most remarkable prophecies.  God dwells with men.  It has become the City of God.  It is in this wise that Krieger seeks to explore the relationship between the numbers of Scripture and the prophecies therein. They are not mere numbers for numbers sake.  They are the mathematics of God that underscores His character, His plan, and His love for humanity.  These numbers testify to the inspiration of Scripture.  They tell of a God who is so precise in His planning and so pristine in His execution that He orders all matters in such a way to reinforce His infinite power and demonstrate His indefatigable will.  This is the true motivation behind the words of Douglas Krieger. (p. xxv, Signs in the Heavens, June 2015 Edition).

From the outset of the chronologies of these ancient kings, I would like to again express my sincere appreciation for the work done by fellow brethren who have contributed immensely to this brevity—the late J. R. Church of Prophecy in the News, Lambert Dolphin (whose library is altogether noteworthy in its fine expression of evangelical research into “those things that matter”), and to many of my associates here on Tribnet 7000, FB.  

This is simply a segment of what can only be described as an inexhaustible topic . . . having a general understanding of the Biblical chronologies would be very helpful and/or a background in history . . . our discussion commences in the Fall of King Zedekiah . . . the last King of Judah whose ignoble ending after an eleven-year reign ended the 464-year history (1050-586 BC) of both the United Kingdom of Israel (1050-930 BC—Kings Saul, David and Solomon—120 years), and that of her separation commencing with Judah’s King Rehoboam and that of King Jeroboam which became the Ten Northern Tribes of Israel (aka, Ephraim, Jezreel, Samaria, Israel) who subsequently rebelled in 931/930 BC.

The traditional date of the final Siege of Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar in 586/587 BC is preceded by a number of similar sieges and “captivities” of Jewish leadership which began the “Babylonian Captivity” of the Jews in 607 BC; hence, the commencement of the 70-year captivity as foreseen by Jeremiah (II Chronicles 36:21) and duly recognized by the Prophet Daniel in the immediate conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire by Darius the Mede (Daniel 9:1-2) and the immediate decree of Cyrus the Great in 537 B.C. of Judah’s return (607 B.C. to 537 B.C. = 70 years).  

It serves our purposes to encourage comparisons in our chronological investigations—for “all Scripture is given by inspiration of God and is profitable” (2 Tim. 3:16-17).  Do not contemplate for one minute that these fine details are naught but miscellaneous footnotes in the Divine scheme of things.  To the contrary, within their confines are found some of the greatest treasures known to those who seek after His wisdom in “all things.”  Those who “pick and choose” what is and is not important in Scripture do well to reconsider what plagues their myopic or at best discretionary treatment of His Word.  

Examples of “Divine Chronologies” – The Kings of Israel 

We have briefly touched upon the 464-year history of the 3 Kings of United Israel and the 20 Kings of Judah; but there appears to be a purposeful terminus of the separate reign of the 19 Kings of the Northern Ten Tribes (Israel/Samaria) whose last King Hoshea ended Samaria’s long march into Assyrian Captivity with the defeat of the Assyrian Army of Sennacherib whose 185,000-man army was about to lay siege to Jerusalem, held under the kingship of Judah’s Hezekiah in 712 BC. 

Lambert Dolphin’s wisdom in terminating the reigns of the kings of Samaria (his following chart) in the year 712 BC is commendable; for although the “Fall of Samaria” is expressed in the year 722 BC, their fight with the Assyrians persisted up through the horrendous defeat of Assyria in 712 BC, for those who had not been taken captive sought refuge with Judah.  However, that said, the official Fall of Samaria occurred some 10 years prior to the 712 BC date in 722 BC—virtually all Biblical chronologists concur with this date of 722 BC.

If we were to take the original date of 1050 BC as the commencement of the reign of the Kings of a United Israel as our starting point (King Saul, David, and Solomon and subtract the 722 BC date for the Fall of Samaria) we discover that the “Israelites” (under United and “divisional” kings) persisted in Samaria for 328 years (i.e., 1050-722 BC) juxtaposed to Judah’s persistence of 464 years (1050-586 BC or 586 BC being the Fall of Jerusalem or 9th of Av or Tish’a B’av).When added together (328 years + 464 years) we arrive at a most fascinating number set:  792 years.

This number set of “792” is the very fractal/resemblance of the edge of the New Jerusalem in feet!  How’s that?  Revelation 21:16 gives the height, length and width of the heavenly New Jerusalem ultimately descending to the earth at 12,000 furlongs (each dimension); which are calculated as one furlong is equal to 660 feet. Thus, 12,000 Furlongs * 660 Ft. = 7,920,000 Ft. or “792” eliminating zeroes.  Either this is one incredible “kawinkadink” or it has been “divinely orchestrated” for our admonition and serious reflection!  Are we viewing the “Kingdom on Earth” signaling its ultimate manifestation as “The KINGDOM of this world has become the KINGDOM of our Lord and of His Messiah (Christ), and He shall reign forever and ever!” (Rev. 11:15)?

Furthermore, a most profound discovery is made when we add the kingships of Judah and those of Israel—but separately and together and then merge those number sets with the three united kingships of Saul, David, and Solomon; to wit:

Kings of Judah:   20

Kings of Israel:    19

United Kingdom:  3

TOTAL:                    42

The number set of “42” is of inestimable significance in that it connotes “kingship” and/or authority/jurisdiction– it is demonstratively expressed in the combined number sets of Matthew’s Gospel where Matthew presents the Messiah, the Christ, as King in his three genealogical segments:

“So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations, from David until the captivity in Babylon are fourteen generations, and from the captivity in Babylon until the Christ are fourteen generations” (Matthew 1:17).

Thus:  14 + 14 + 14 = 42. 

Likewise, this “14” insofar as the Kings of Israel and Judah concern, expresses itself in Joseph’s virtual enthronement in Egypt with his 7 years of plenty and 7 years of famine (7 + 7 = 14); also, counting backwards, if you would, we find that I Kings 6:1 states that it was in the fourth year of King Solomon’s reign that the foundation of Solomon’s Temple was laid—that was in the 480th year from the Exodus/Law (965 BC or 1445-965 BC = 480 years) unto that fourth year; therefore, counting back into David’s reign we would discover the following:  4 years of King Solomon + 26 years of King David’s reign = 30 years (bringing us unto 450 years of the Judges).   Since David reigned for 40 years in a United Kingdom of Israel, he would have been in the 14th year of his reign (40 – 26 = 14 or 14 + 26 = 40 or 26 years + 4 years = 30 years). This correlates chronologically with the second set of 400s (450 years) after the Exodus/Law when we read:

“The God of this people Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an uplifted arm He brought them out of it [Note:  This tells us the beginning of the 450 years.]. Now for a time of about forty years He put up with their ways in the wilderness [Note:  This confirms the start date of the 450 years is at the Exodus.]. And when He had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, He distributed their land to them by allotment” (Note:  This was after the Conquest by Joshua of Canaan Land—some 15 years after Israel crossed the Jordan River in 1405 BC; therefore, it was in 1390 BC [Joshua 13:8-17:18—the land allotments were made]).

In Joshua 14:7-10—Joshua was 40 years of age at the time of spying on the Good Land and now in Joshua 14:10 he says he is 85 years of age, having been kept for 45 years.  This math “word problem” is resolved indicating a 7-year period for conquering the Land . . . when Joshua spied out the Land, the Children of Israel had been in the Wilderness nigh two years (Sorry, we didn’t “fully” disclose this—isn’t that just like these “math word problems?”).  

So, we add to Joshua’s age of 40 an additional 38 years (only) because he was 40 years of age two years into the Wilderness Journey when he spied out the Land.  This would have made Joshua at the crossing of the Jordan River commencing the Conquest of Canaan 78 years of age (40—age at spying; plus 38 = 78—entering Canaan Land).  Now, after the Conquest of Canaan, he says he is 85 years of age (Josh. 14:10); thus, 78 + 7 years = 85 years of age.  The 45 years he was “kept alive” commenced two years into the Wilderness; therefore, 38 years (additional in the wilderness) + 7-years’ time needed in the Conquest of Canaan = 45 years.  DON’T YOU JUST HATE MATH?!  Nevertheless, the riddle is solved.  So, 7 years in the conquest of Canaan.  Joshua died at the age of 110 years (Joshua 24:29); therefore, between 85 and 110 elapsed 25 years (110 less 85 = 25 years).

But let us not be distracted . . . The operative inquiry is this:  Do the Kings of the United Kingdom of Israel and the separate kingship of Judah over the course of these 464 years (1050-586 B.C.) have a message to give us?  And what of Ephraim’s separate kingdom 49 for 328 years (1050-722 B.C.)?   I think so.  Imagine, if you would, how is it that this could appear as a random number of kingships totaling 42?  Also, how is it that this total would comport to Matthew’s summation of the “generations” of the Kingship of Jesus (14 + 14 + 14 = 42)?  Furthermore, the “42” appears as “months” in Daniel’s 70th Week as 42 months (1,260 days/30 = 42 months), wherein issues relative to “authority” are of major consequence.

Finally, as if the reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel are randomly distributed to equal to 464 years (Judah—combined with the United Kingdom) and 328 years (Israel—combined with the United Kingdom) we discover this astounding number set which is marvelously displayed in the New Jerusalem—the ultimate manifestation of God’s Authority:

464 years for Judah (as factors so multiplied) = 4 * 6 * 4 = 96

328 years for Israel (as factors so multiplied) = 3 * 2 * 8 = 48

Combined as United Israel + Judah + Samaria/Ephraim = 96 + 48 = “144”

The “144” is the signature of the New Jerusalem in that her WALL is “144 Cubits” (Rev. 21:17) and each of her six faces upon her cubed, three-dimensional surfaces constitute 12,000 Furlongs * 12,000 Furlongs = 144,000,000 Million Sq. Furlongs.

KINGS OF ISRAEL BORDERS

Figure 116 – The 42 Kings of Judah and Israel (Ephraim)

Is it another “kawinkadink” to conjecture that the very years of the reigns of the United Kingdom of Israel, along with the separate years of the Kings of Judah and Israel, when used as factors could produce a sum equal in years to the very signature expression of the New Jerusalem’s “144”—the ultimate manifestation of the Kingship of the Son of David Who is destined to rule the nations during the Millennium from Jerusalem (Ezekiel 37:24-25):

“David My Servant shall be king over them, and they shall all have one shepherd; they shall also walk in My judgments and observe My statutes, and do them.  Then they shall dwell in the land that I have given to Jacob My servant, where your fathers dwelt; and they shall dwell there, they, their children, and their children’s children, forever, and My servant David shall be their prince forever.”

Perhaps a digression—however, it does have to do with the King, i.e., Jesus presented in Matthew’s gospel in Matthew 1:17 and the three sets of 14 generations from Abraham to David; 14 generations from David to the Captivity; and 14 generations from the captivity “unto the Christ.”  Folks always wonder “how long is a generation?”  Scarcely ever noticing the actual time frames between each of these “markers” (e.g., The actual years between the birth of Abram(ham) and the birth of David; between the birth of David and the commencement of the 70-year Captivity of Judah; and the commencement of the 70-year Captivity and the birth of the Christ.  Apparently, and so it appears, Matthew’s use of the “14” seems to be radically off in that:

Abraham’s birth is given as 1,948 years from Adam’s creation to the birth of Abram (i.e., from 3975 BC unto 2027 BC); while the birth of David is given in 1039 BC (because 965 BC was the fourth year of Solomon’s reign—as per 1 Kings 6:1 + 4 years = 969/970 BC + 70 years of David’s life = 1039 BC is David’s birth); therefore, from Abram’s birth to David’s birth are 988 years (2027 BC to 1039 BC = 988 years).  Then from 1039 BC (David’s birth) unto the commencement of the 70-Year Captivity in 607 BC when then Viceroy Nebuchadnezzar II invaded Judah and took Daniel and the three young men (fiery furnace) to commence the 70-year captivity unto 537 BC and the Decree of the Persian King Cyrus, the Great to return the Jews to Jerusalem to rebuild their Temple.  Thus 1039 BC to 607 BC = 432 years.  Then from 607 BC until the birth of the Christ in 1 BC/1 AD = 606 years.  In summary:

  1. Abraham to David = 14 generations = 988 years.
  2. David to the Captivity = 14 generations = 432 years 
  3. The Captivity to the Birth of the Christ = 14 generations = 606 years

This initially appears as a rather random allocation of number sets; however, let’s look at the factors/products of these “number sets.” We find the following (for when examining the 14, 14, 14 we are left mystified as to why Matthew was so peculiar in his disparities for a generation:

  1. 988 = 9 * 8 * 8 = 576 (also:  5 * 7 * 6 = 210) (Abram’s birth to David’s birth)
  2. 432 = 4 * 3 * 2 = 24 (King David’s birth to commencement of Judah 70-year captivity in 607 B.C.) 
  3. 606 = 6 * 6 = 36 (From 607 Captivity to birth of Messiah in 1 B.C./1 A.D.)
  4. Grand totals:  576 + 24 + 36 = 636 or 6 + 3 + 6 = “15” or 6 * 3 * 6 = 108 = “18”
  5. Note:  The “15” and the “18” are the Edge of the New Jerusalem at 1,500 miles (15) and the composite perimeter of the cubed New Jerusalem at 1,800 miles (1,500 miles * 12 edges of a cube = 18,000 miles or 18. 
  6. We immediately notice that “21” = the Hebrew Sacred Cubit of 2.1 ft. – that “24” = the 24 Elders of the Revelation – that “36” equates to the 360° of a circle (the Eternal God without beginning or ending) – 
  7. 21 * 24 * 36 = 18,144 or the “18” and “144” of the New Jerusalem.  
  8. The “432” – the years between David and the Captivity display the radius of the Sun’s 432,000 miles, leading us to the Sun’s diameter of 864,000 miles. 
  9. The “generations” of 14 to the second decimal:  988/14 = 70.57 – 432/14 = 30.86 – 606/14 = 43.29; thus:  70.57 + 30.86 + 43.29 = 144.72.  Therefore the “144” of the New Jerusalem and the “72” which in Hebrew is associated with the very Name of God and 72 * 2 = 144. 

From Babylonian Captivity to Persian Decrees 

The Fall of King Zedekiah appears to have occurred during the year 587-586 BC (the final assault on Jerusalem) according to the Lambert Dolphin Chart. If, indeed, the Fall of Babylon and overthrow by Darius the Mede of Neo-Babylonian King Belshazzar (Daniel 5:30-31) was in the year 537 BC – then some 58 years transpired between King Zedekiah’s demise and the Handwriting on the Wall when Belshazzar was exposed by Daniel the Prophet (Daniel 5:18-29) and his party were defeated by Darius the Mede in 538-537 BC.  Darius subsequently retired and gave the throne to his son-in-law, Cyrus the Great, Cyrus II.

In the main, our calculations/chronologies are in sync with those of Lambert Dolphin.  Key dates are the commencement of King Saul’s reign in 1050 B.C.  The fall of Samaria in 722 B.C.  The commencement of King Nebuchadnezzar’s intrusions into Judah in 607 B.C. (beginning the 70-year captivity of Judah, the Jews).  The official fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.  Unfortunately, Dolphin displays the reign of the final king of Israel/Samaria to be that of King Hoshea.  Here he says he reigned for 9 years (732-712 BC).  This is a period, not of 9 years, but of 20 years; however, there were approximately 10 years after the fall of Samaria in 722 B.C. in which King Hoshea apparently fought guerilla warfare up to the Assyrian siege of Judah, King Hezekiah, wherein the armies of Sennacherib were defeated by the Angel of the Lord in 712 B.C.

If we were to count back from 537 BC to account for the 70 Years of Captivity recognized by Daniel in Daniel 9:1-2 it would have been from the reign of Darius the Mede who initially conquered Neo-Babylonia and defeated King Belshazzar – again, cir. 538-537 BC – would bring us (i.e., the 70-years Captivity) to the year 607 BC (537 BC + 70 years = 607 BC). Yes, this date is disputed and, unfortunately, has fallen somewhat into dispute by its authority sponsored by the Jehovah Witnesses—but this time they “got it right.”

This would mean that there are some 11 years between Zedekiah’s defeat in the year 586 BC (the traditional date for the Fall of Jerusalem) and King Zedekiah’s installment as “puppet king” under King Nebuchadnezzar in 597 BC.  The First Siege of Jerusalem was in the year 607 BC with the Second Siege being in 597 BC. 

Please note that Lambert Dolphin begins the captivity of Judah in the year 586 BC.  I think that Lambert’s research may be justified, however, in that the Fall of Jerusalem was the 9th of Av in 587/586 BC (the FINAL AND THIRD SIEGE OF JERUSALEM BY KING NEBUCHADNEZZAR); however, Jewish leadership was taken to Babylon by then Viceroy (not yet King of Babylon) Nebuchadnezzar in 607 BC at the initial siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonians.

It is critical that the first captives taken by the Neo-Babylonians occurred in 607 BC (2 Kings 24:1—where King Jehoiakim became the vassal of King Nebuchadnezzar for three years; indeed, 2 Kings Chapters 24-25 speak of the incessant attacks by King Nebuchadnezzar and subsequent captivities); therefore, 607 BC less 70 years of Babylonian Captivity = 537 BC (the year of the Decree of Cyrus the Great for the Jews to return to Jerusalem to build their Temple), which is the date of the Fall of the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom wrought by the hand of Darius I (Daniel 5:30-31; 9:1-2); and, whereupon Daniel, the Prophet, recognized in that year the 70-year prophecy of the captivity by Jeremiah the Prophet would conclude (2 Chron. 36:21:  “To fulfill the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah, and the land had enjoyed her Sabbaths.  As long as she lay desolate she kept Sabbath, to fulfill seventy years.”).

This takes into account the initial siege of Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar II (at the time was not king of Babylon but Viceroy) into Judea (607 BC) in order to correctly ascertain the commencement of Judah’s 70-year captivity.  Indeed, if we are to determine its beginning it is mandatory that we examine the date in which Babylon fell to King Darius the Mede who reigned but one year (538-537 BC) and was quickly followed by his son-in-law to whom he gave the Empire, Cyrus the Great (537 BC), who forthwith made his famous decree to return the Jews to Jerusalem to build their Second Temple.

A Final Word on the Chronologies

These chronologies would not be complete without a final defense of the Masoretic Text (MT) juxtaposed to both the Septuagint (LXX) and Samaritan Pentateuch of the Hebrew Scriptures.  I have given information on the defense of the MT on pp. 497-499; however, the irregularities in the Septuagint are so grievous—especially those relative to the chronologies found in Genesis 5 and 11 that an additional word must be spoken.  

Along with the obvious influences of Hellenistic Egypt under whose dictum the LXX emerged, one can readily observe a multitude of differences between the LXX and the MT (the legitimate Hebrew text of the Old Testament–OT).  The Reformation consolidated the Hebrew canon in accord with the MT/Jewish text vs. the LXX and its disparities—viz., the Protestant renderings of the OT are virtually identical to the canon of the MT .  Most of the Apocrypha texts found in the LXX are carried over into the canon of Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Bibles; however, these non-canonical writings are segregated in some Protestant versions of the Bible but are diminished/segregated as apart from accepted sacred text.  

(See:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint ) 

The authenticity of the MT is without contestation due to the meticulous copying of Jewish Scribes.  (See:  https://armstronginstitute.org/676-can-you-trust-the-masoretic-text by Jude Flurry – Retrieved 04.12.2024).  

Jerome, who translated the Latin Vulgate (405 AD) from both the Greek Septuagint and the Hebrew and koine Greek NT writings determined, however, that a superior Latin translation demanded more than revising existing versions; therefore, he decided to base his translation of the OT on the Hebrew Bible, rather than relying solely on the Septuagint.  Thus, the MT’s chronologies of Genesis 5 and 11 are reflected in the Vulgate, not those of the LXX—along with the recognition of the Jewish MT’s canon of the OT adhered to in most English Bible translations today (viz. taken from the MT).  Augustine of Hippo vehemently objected to Jerome’s source text being Hebrew but the Vulgate’s ultimate use of Hebrew has proven above and beyond textual criticism.  By 400 AD both the Hebrew OT canon and the NT canon, including the “suspects” (Hebrews, James, 1 and 2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, and the Revelation) were all considered canon and all else Apocrypha, Intertestamental or non-inspirational.   

No, we are not living in the year 5784 AM (2024 AD) as set by the Seder Olam Rabah of 160 AD (today’s Jewish calendar) nor by the LXX’s creation date of Adam in 5554 BC with 7578 AM (2024 AD) years from Adam until today.  These chronological extremities (viz. 5784 AM/Jewish Seder Olam Rabah and the LXX’s 7578 AM both in 2024 AD) are wholly inconsistent with the original Hebrew MT’s chronologies, although both purport to bear witness to the original Hebrew—Hebrew that proponents of the LXX claim has been manipulated to obfuscate the identity of Jesus as Messiah.  To the contrary, as you have seen in SIGNS , my chronologies magnify Jesus’ First and Second Comings wholly based on the MT.  

Figure 117 – Chronologies of the Ancient Persian Kings